AUD/USD depreciates after opening at a bullish gap, remaining in the positive territory and trading around 0.7030 during the Asian hours on Monday. The currency pair maintains its gains as the Australian Dollar (AUD) remained resilient, supported by economic developments in China, Australia’s major trading partner.
China’s RatingDog Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) eased to 50.9 in July from 51.7 in June, missing market expectations of 51.5; it continued to signal expansion in manufacturing activity.
Aussie inflation surprise seen as fuel-driven but still above RBA target
BNY’s Geoff Yu notes that RBA Assistant Governor Sarah Hunter characterised Australia’s latest CPI print as “a touch softer” than anticipated, with the downside surprise in headline inflation “mainly driven by lower fuel prices.” Hunter’s comments underscore that the moderation in price pressures is narrowly focused, rather than signalling a broader disinflation trend, and come against the backdrop of inflation still running above the RBA’s 2–3% target band.
The US Dollar (USD) struggles against major peers following official confirmation from Japan regarding joint currency interventions. Japanese authorities confirmed they carried out coordinated yen-buying operations with the United States, with Bank of Japan data pointing to spending of up to $58.97 billion on Thursday. Tokyo further signaled its readiness to intervene again if necessary, noting that close communication with US counterparts remains ongoing.
Pressure on the Greenback was further compounded by a broader easing of market risk aversion, spurred by potential diplomatic developments between the US and Iran. Sentiments shifted after reports indicated US President Donald Trump paused planned military strikes. In a post on Truth Social, President Trump stated that Iran and neighboring Middle Eastern nations had requested time to finalize a deal, a proposal that would lead to the complete reopening of the Strait of Hormuz and address Iran’s nuclear program.
However, financial markets remain cautious as Iranian officials swiftly contested these claims. Reporting via Iran’s Mehr news agency, officials characterized the assertion that Tehran sought a pause as “nothing but a new lie.” They emphasized that Iranian military forces remain on high alert and fully prepared for any eventuality, keeping geopolitical uncertainty elevated.
Australian Dollar FAQs
One of the most significant factors for the Australian Dollar (AUD) is the level of interest rates set by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA). Because Australia is a resource-rich country another key driver is the price of its biggest export, Iron Ore. The health of the Chinese economy, its largest trading partner, is a factor, as well as inflation in Australia, its growth rate and Trade Balance. Market sentiment – whether investors are taking on more risky assets (risk-on) or seeking safe-havens (risk-off) – is also a factor, with risk-on positive for AUD.
The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) influences the Australian Dollar (AUD) by setting the level of interest rates that Australian banks can lend to each other. This influences the level of interest rates in the economy as a whole. The main goal of the RBA is to maintain a stable inflation rate of 2-3% by adjusting interest rates up or down. Relatively high interest rates compared to other major central banks support the AUD, and the opposite for relatively low. The RBA can also use quantitative easing and tightening to influence credit conditions, with the former AUD-negative and the latter AUD-positive.
China is Australia’s largest trading partner so the health of the Chinese economy is a major influence on the value of the Australian Dollar (AUD). When the Chinese economy is doing well it purchases more raw materials, goods and services from Australia, lifting demand for the AUD, and pushing up its value. The opposite is the case when the Chinese economy is not growing as fast as expected. Positive or negative surprises in Chinese growth data, therefore, often have a direct impact on the Australian Dollar and its pairs.
Iron Ore is Australia’s largest export, accounting for $118 billion a year according to data from 2021, with China as its primary destination. The price of Iron Ore, therefore, can be a driver of the Australian Dollar. Generally, if the price of Iron Ore rises, AUD also goes up, as aggregate demand for the currency increases. The opposite is the case if the price of Iron Ore falls. Higher Iron Ore prices also tend to result in a greater likelihood of a positive Trade Balance for Australia, which is also positive of the AUD.
The Trade Balance, which is the difference between what a country earns from its exports versus what it pays for its imports, is another factor that can influence the value of the Australian Dollar. If Australia produces highly sought after exports, then its currency will gain in value purely from the surplus demand created from foreign buyers seeking to purchase its exports versus what it spends to purchase imports. Therefore, a positive net Trade Balance strengthens the AUD, with the opposite effect if the Trade Balance is negative.
